Yazeed bin Muawiyah

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Yazeed bin Muawiyah

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Created on Friday, 03 June 2011 17:13

Written by Asim ul Haq

Introduction

There is difference of opinion on Yazeed bin Muawiyah, some considered him AMEER UL MOMINEEN like Ibn Katheer in Al Bidaya wal Nihayah mentioned that Yazeed was Ameer ul Momineen, on the other hand the likes of Jala ud din Suyuti cursed him. Because those who praised him say that he never killed Hussain ra, those who accuse him say that he killed Hussain ra

Few Opinions of Scholars

Imam alGhazzali said

"لا يجوز لعن المسلم أصلاً ومن لعن مسلماً فھو الملعون وقد قال رسول اللہ صلى الله عليه وسلم "المسلم ليس بلعان" وکيف يجوز لعن المسلم ولا يجوز لعن البہائم وقد ورد النہي عن ذٰلک وحرمۃ المسلم أعظم من حرمۃ الکعبۃ بنص النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ويزيد صح إسلامہ وما صح قتلہ الحسين رضي اللہ عنہ ولا أمرہ ولا رضاہ بذٰلک ومھما لم يصح ذٰلک منہ لا يجوز أن يظن ذٰلک بہ فإن إسآءۃ الظن بالمسلم أيضاً حرامٌ وقد قال تعاليٰ((اجْتَنِبُوا كَثِيراً مِّنَ الظَّنِّ إِنَّ بَعْضَ الظَّنِّ إِثْمٌ((وقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إن اللہ حرم من المسلم دمہ ومالہ وعرضہ وأن يظن السوء ومن زعم أن يزيد أمر بقتل الحسين رضي اللہ عنہ أو رضي بہ فينبغي أن يعلم بہ غايۃ حماقۃ فإن من قتل من الأکابر والوزرآء والسلاطين في عصرہ لو أراد أن يعلم حقيقۃ من الذي أمر بقتلہ ومن الذي رضي بہ ومن الذي کرھہ لم يقدر علي ذٰلک وإن کان قد قتل في جوارہ وزمانہ وھو يشاہدہ ، فکيف لو کان في بلد بعيد وزمن قديم قد انقضيٰ، فکيف يعلم ذٰلک فيما انقضيٰ عليہ قريبٌ من أربع مائۃ سنۃ في مکان بعيد؟

وقد تطرق التعصب في الواقعۃ فکثرت فيھا الأحاديث من الجوانب فھٰذا أمر لا تعرف حقيقتہ أصلاً وإذا لم يعرف وجب إحسان الظن بکل مسلم يمکن إحسان الظن بہ ومع ھٰذا فلو ثبت علي مسلم أنہ قتل مسلماً فمذھب اھل الحق أنہ ليس بکافر والقتل ليس بکفر بل ہو معصيۃ وإذا مات القاتل فربما مات بعد التوبۃ والکافر لو تاب من کفرہ لم تجز لعنتہ فکيف من تاب عن قتل؟ )) وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ(( فإذن لا يجوزلعن أحد ممن مات من المسلمين ومن لعنہ کان فاسقاً عاصياً للہ تعاليٰ ولو جاز لعنہ فسکت لم يکن عاصياً بالإجماع بل لو لم يلعن إبليس طول عمرہ لا يقال لہ يوم القيامۃ لم َ لم تلعن إبليس؟ ويقال للاعن لِمَ لعنت؟ ومن أين عرفت أنہ مطرودٌ ملعونٌ؟ والملعون ھو المبعد من اللہ عز وجل وذٰلک غيبٌ لا يعرف إلا فيمن مات کافراً فإن ذٰلک عُلم بالشرع وأما الترحم عليہ فھو جائز بل ہو مستحبٌ بل ہو داخل في قولنا في کل صلوٰۃ اللھم اغفر للمؤمنين والمؤمنات فإنہ کان مؤمناً

“The Islam of Yazeed is proven And if it would be said: Is it permitted to curse Yazeed because he killed Hussain or ordered to? We would say: It’s not established, and it’s not permitted to say that he killed him or ordered to kill him” ....If someone says He ordered to kill Husayn ra or liked the martyerdoom of Husayn ra he is Idot....It is not only allowed rather Mustahab to send mercy on him, and he is included in the prayer we do "O Allah forgive all the Momineen and Mominaat" because he was a MOMIN.[Wafiyat alAiyaan 3/288]

Imam alGhazzali said

فإن قيل هل يجوز لعن يزيد لأنه قاتل الحسين أو آمر به قلنا هذا لم يثبت أصلا فلا يجوز أن يقال إنه قتله أو أمر به

“And if it would be said: Is it permitted to curse Yazeed because he killed Hussain or ordered to? We would say: It’s not established, and it’s not permitted to say that he killed him or ordered to kill him”.Ihya aloom al-Din (3/125, darul marifat Beirut)

Imam Ibn Salaah says:
لم يصح عندنا أنه أمر بقتل الحسين رضي الله عنه
“It is not authentic according to us that He commanded to kill Husayn.” ( قيد الشريد page 58, Al Khulaasa fi bayaani rayi 1/151 Al Maktabah as shamillah)

Qadhi Abu Bakr Ibn alArabi himself praised Yazeed and quoted Imam Layth saying Ameer ul Momineen Yazeed, also quoted praise of Imam Ahmaed in [العواصم من القواصم (ص232,234,246)

Hafiz Ibn Hajar asked from his teacher

سئل شيخنا رحمه الله عن لعن يزيد بن معاوية وماذا يترتب على من يحبه ويرفع من شأنه فأجاب أما اللعن فنقل فيه الطبري المعروف بالكيا الهراسي الخلاف في المذاهب الأربعة في الجواز وعدمه فاختار الجواز ونقل الغزالي الخلاف واختار المنع

I asked my shaykh Rahimullah regarding cursing Yazeed bin Muawiyah and about loving him, he replied Tabari (rah) quoted four schools of thought (regarding cursing or loving yazeed) and they differed in it, and his(Tabari) final verdict was it is permitted (to curse), But (Imam) Ghazali (rah) went against this stance and choosed the prohibiton (to curse yazeed).[الإمتاع بالأربعين المتباينة السماع 1/96]

Source of the book: http://islamport.com/w/ajz/Web/1773/82.htm

Imam 'Illish al-Maliki (Allah have mercy on him) said, quoting Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani (Allah have mercy on him)
"It is not permitted to denigrate Mu'awiya, because he was a major Companion. It is not permitted to curse Yazid nor to declare him an unbeliever, for he is one of the believers ['Illish, Fath al-'Aliyy al-Malik, 2.353 quoted by sufi website sunni path]

and Note that These people who try to talk in detail regarding Yazeed specially in Pakistan and India, they also believe that dream of the pious is evidence, what about this dream?

Ibne Kathir mentioned.
وقال ابن عساكر: حدثنا أبو الفضل محمد بن محمد بن الفضل بن المظفر العبدي قاضي البحرين من لفظه وكتبه لي بخطه - قال: رأيت يزيد بن معاوية في النوم فقلت له: أنت قتلت الحسين؟
فقال: لا!
فقلت له: هل غفر الله لك؟
قال: نعم، وأدخلني الجنة.
.Ibne Athakir said: Abul Fadhal Muhammad bin Fadhal bin al-Muzaffar al-Abdi who is judge in Behrain told me in the letter. He saw Yazeed bin Muawiyah in the dream. I asked him: Did you kill hussain? Yazeed said No. I asked: Allah saved you (from the punishment)? He said "Yes" Allah sent me in the paradise.
[Al Bidaya wal Nihaya vol 16 page no: 299 under the Tarjuma of Yazeed bin Muawiyah]

Note that we don't believe on dreams other thn Prophets, it can be wrong and it can be right, So the best is to remain silent on this issue.

Ibn Kathir also said

وقد رواه أبو الحسن على بن محمد بن عبد الله بن أبى سيف المدائنى عن صخر بن جويرية عن نافع..ولما رجع أهل المدينة من عند يزيد مشى عبد الله بن مطيع وأصحابه إلى محمد بن الحنفية فأرادوه على خلع يزيد فأبى عليهم فقال ابن مطيع إن يزيد يشرب الخمر ويترك الصلاة ويتعدى حكم الكتاب فقال لهم ما رأيت منه ما تذكرون وقد حضرته وأقمت عنده فرأيته مواضبا على الصلاة متحريا للخير يسأل عن الفقه ملازما للسنة

It is narrated by Abul Hasan Ali bin Muhammad Madaini from Sakhar and he from Naf`e that.. Abdullah bin Mutee and his companions went to Muhammad bin Hanafiya (The brother of Hussain ra).. Abu Mutee said Yazeed is a drinker, he left salah and he goes against the laws of Allah. Muhammad bin Hanafiya said I have not seen anything of it in him as you say., i went to him and stayed. i saw him offering prayer, seeker of khayr, seeker of fiqh, follower of sunnah.[AlBidaya wal Nihaya 8/233]

1. Naf`e is student of Ibn umar ra
ثقة ثبت فقيه مشهور[تقريب التهذيب لابن حجر: رقم 7086 ]۔

2. Sakhar bin Juwairiya Basree is trustworthy narrator of Bukhari and Muslim. Ibn sad, Ibn Maeen, Ahmad,Dahabee, Ibn hibban etc considerd him trustworthy.

3. Imam Madaini (Ibn kathir quoted narration from his book) is trustworthy.

Ibn Maieen said thiqqa, thiqqa, thiqqa [tareekh madeena 13/517

Imam Ahmad said

845 - أخبرني محمد بن علي قال ثنا مهنى قال سألت أحمد عن يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان قال هو فعل بالمدينة ما فعل قلت وما فعل قال قتل بالمدينة من أصحاب النبي وفعل قلت وما فعل قال نهبها قلت فيذكر عنه الحديث قال لا يذكر عنه الحديث ولا ينبغي لأحد أن يكتب عنه حديثا قلت لأحمد ومن كان معه بالمدينة حين فعل ما فعل قال أهل الشام قلت له وأهل مصر قال لا إنما كان أهل مصر معهم في أمر عثمان رحمه الله // إسناده صحيح(

3/520)846 - أخبرني أحمد بن محمد بن مطر وزكريا بن يحيى أن أبا طالب حدثهم قال سألت أبا عبدالله من قال لعن الله يزيد بن معاوية قال لا أتكلم في هذا قلت ما تقول فإن الذي تكلم به رجل لا بأس به وأنا صائر إلى قولك فقال أبو عبدالله قال النبي لعن المؤمن كقتله وقال خير الناس قرني ثم الذين يلونهم وقد صار يزيد فيهم وقال من لعنته أو سببته فاجعلها له رحمة فأرى الإمساك أحب لي // إسناده صحيح

[as-Sunnah of Khallal with the tehqeeq of Atiya Zuhrani]

In first narration Imam Ahmad said Yazeed killed Sahaba in Madeenah but in second narration he was asked regarding cursing Yazeed but he did not allow that rather he supported his stance with two ahadith, one is cursing momin is like killing him and other is the best era is my era then after that then after that and Yazeed is from that era, that is why silence regarding yaeed is better.

Because of this narration some scholars say Imam Ahmad did not curse Yazeed in his last days as said by Muhammad Haadi Shaybani. And Qadhi Abu Bakr alArabi also quoted praise of Imam Ahmad on Yazeed. And that is why Imam Khallal quoted his later verdicts after the cursing one.

Specially for a lay person, The issue of Yazeed is pointless to talk, The more he see the difference of opinions regarding him, the more he is confused

Imam al-Bayhaqi said
Allah Most High has said: Successful are the believers, who are humble in their prayers, and who turn away from pointless talk,[23:1-3] and: Those who do not bear witness to what is false, but when they pass by pointless talk, pass by with dignity,[25:72] and: When they hear pointless talk, they turn away from it. [28:55]

"Pointless talk" [laghw] is speech which is futile and irrelevant, and bears no relation to any true purpose. It brings no benefit to the one who utters it, and may well bring him misfortune instead.

Ali (r) related that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam) said, "It is part of a man's sound practice of Islam that he leave alone that which is of no concern to him." [At-Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah]

Dhu'l-Nun said, "Whoever loves Allah lives truly, and whoever inclines to anything else damages his mind. A foolish man comes and goes, paying attention to what is nothing, while the intelligent man inspects his own thoughts scrupulously."[Imam Al-Bayhaqi, The Seventy-Seven Branches of Faith [Summarized], Turning Away From Pointless Talk] http://islaam.com/Article.aspx?id=238

Note: Ahlus Sunnah love and respects Husayn radhiAllahanho, Yazeed was pious or not, this is confirmed that he is not even close to Husayn. as the hadeeth narrated by al-Tirmidhi (3775), Ibn Maajah (144) and Ahmad (17111) from Ya‘la ibn Murrah (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “Husayn is part of me and I am part of him. May Allaah love those who love Husayn. Husayn is one of my grandsons.”This hadeeth was classed as hasan by at-Tirmidhi and al-Albaani.This hadeeth points to the virtues of al-Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him). Ahl as-Sunnah love al-Husayn and respect him; they take him as one of their own and they testify that he is in Paradise

Note 2: It is not proven from Umar bin Abdul aziz rahimullah that he gave order of 20 lashes to the person who said ameer ul momineen to Yazeed. because

1. Muhammad bin Mutawakkal is weak according to Imam Abu Hatim, Ibn Adi, Abu Ali Ghisani,Ibn Rajab, Ibn al qayserani, Ibn Hajar asqalani said he is sudooq but he did many mistakes.

2. There is no chain from Imam Dahabee to Muhammad bin abi sirree, neither Dahabee ra claimed that he is narrating from his book.

3. It is proven otherwise that. Umar bin abdul Aziz rahimullah never beaten anyone with the exception of the one who insulted Muawiyah RadhiAllahanho [Tareekh Damishq 39/211]