No punishment for a woman who was forced to commit zina

No punishment for a woman who was forced to commit zina

1. Imam Bukhari said:
باب إذا استكرهت المرأة على الزنا فلا حد عليها في قوله تعالى ومن يكرههن فإن الله من بعد إكراههن غفور رحيم وقال الليث حدثني نافع أن صفية بنت أبي عبيد أخبرته أن عبدا من رقيق الإمارة وقع على وليدة من الخمس فاستكرهها حتى اقتضها فجلده عمر الحد ونفاه ولم يجلد الوليدة من أجل أنه استكرهها
If a woman is compelled to commit illegal sexual intercourse against her will, There is no Punishment for her, as Allah says ” And if someone should compel them, then indeed, Allah is [to them], after their compulsion, Forgiving and Merciful.” [an Nur verse 33] Layth narrated from Naaf`e who said, Safiyya bint ‘Ubaid said
“A governmental male-slave tried to seduce a slave-girl from the Khumus of the war booty till he deflowered her by force against her will; therefore ‘Umar flogged him according to the law, and exiled him, but he did not flog the female slave because the male-slave had committed illegal sexual intercourse by force, against her will.” [Sahih al-Bukhari 6949]

Ibn Hajr commented:
قوله : ( وقال الليث ) هو ابن سعد ( حدثني نافع ) هو مولى ابن عمر .

قوله : ( أن صفية بنت أبي عبيد أخبرته ) يعني الثقفية امرأة عبد الله بن عمر .

قوله : ( أن عبدا من رقيق الإمارة ) بكسر الألف أي من مال الخليفة وهو عمر .

قوله : ( وقع على وليدة من الخمس ) أي من مال خمس الغنيمة الذي يتعلق التصرف فيه بالإمام ، والمراد زنى بها .

قوله : ( فاستكرهها حتى اقتضها ) بقاف وضاد معجمة مأخوذ من القضة وهي عذرة البكر ، وهذا يدل على أنها كانت بكرا .

قوله : ( فجلده عمر الحد ونفاه ) أي جلده خمسين جلدة ونفاه نصف سنة ، لأن حده نصف حد الحر ، ويستفاد منه أن عمر كان يرى أن الرقيق ينفى كالحر ، وقد تقدم البحث فيه في الحدود .

وقوله : ” لم يجلد الوليدة لأنه استكرهها ” لم أقف على اسم واحد منهما . وهذا الأثر وصله أبو القاسم البغوي عن العلاء بن موسى عن الليث بمثله سواء ، ووقع لي عاليا جدا بيني وبين صاحب الليث فيه سبعة أنفس بالسماع المتصل في أزيد من ستمائة سنة ، قرأته على محمد بن الحسن بن عبد الرحيم الدقاق عن أحمد بن نعمة سماعا أنبأنا أبو المنجا بن عمر أنبأنا أبو الوقت أنبأنا محمد بن عبد العزيز أنبأنا عبد الرحمن بن أبي شريح أنبأنا البغوي فذكره
(Layth) is Ibn Sa`d, (Naaf`e) is the freed slave of Ibn Umar.

(Safiyya bint ‘Ubaid) was wife of Abdullah bin Umar…

(Safiyya said the slave man deflowered the female slave by force) with Qaaf and Duaad, meaning broke her hymen, this is a proof that she was a virgin.

(‘Umar flogged him according to the law, and exiled him) He flogged him 50 times, and exiled him for 6 months because the punishment of slave is half of the free man. This is a proof that according to Umar ra, slave man will also be exiled like a free man, as it is mentioned already in Kitab al Hudood.

(he did not flog the female slave) I could not find their names,This athar is mentioned by Abul Qasim al Baghwi from al Ala bin Musa from Layth. This athar has reached me through very Aali chain that also with clear hearing and only eight people are between me and al Baghwi, even though he died more than 600 years before me. (Then he narrated this story through his chain by saying), I read it to Muhammad bin al Hasan bin Abdul Raheem ad-Daqqaq who heard it from Ahmad bin Nem`ah, Whi said: Abul Manja bin Umar told us, who said: Abul Waqt told us, who said: Muhammad bin Abdul Aziz told us, who said: Abdul Rahman bin abi Shareeh told us, Who from al Baghwi who narrated this. [Fath al Bari under the hadith 6949]

2. Naaf`e also narrated that
أن رجلا أصاب أهل بيت فاستكره منهم امرأ ة فرفع ذلك إلى أبي بكر فضربه ونفاه ولم يضرب المرأة )
A Man gripped a woman among the ahlul bayt and deflowered by force against her will, He was presented to Abu Bakr and he Punished him and exiled him, he did not punish the woman. [Ibn Abi Shayba 11 / 68 /1 , Shaykh al Albani said: The chain of narrators are trustworthy who are narrators of Bukhari and Muslim but it is Munqata because Naf`e did not see Abu Bakr as-Siddeeq Ra, Irwa al Ghaleel 7/342 no. 2313]

3. It is narrated by al Bayhaqi
أتى عمر بن الخطاب رضى الله عنه بامرأة جهدها العطش فمرت على راع فاستسقت فأبى أن يسقيها إلا أن تمكنه من نفسها ففعلت فشاور الناس في رجمها فقال علي رضى الله عنه : هذه مضطرة أرى أن تخلي سبيلها ففعل
“‘A woman was brought to ‘Umar bin al Khattab May Allah be pleased with him who had been extremely thirsty, and had passed by a shepherd and asked him to give her something to drink; he had refused to give her something to drink unless she let him have his way with her. [‘Umar] consulted with the people as to whether he should have her stoned. ‘Ali May Allah be pleased with him said, ‘She was forced to do it, you should let her go.’ So he did so.” [Sunah al Bayhaqi ( 8 / 236 ). Shaykh al Albani said: “Authentic” in Irwa al Ghaleel 7/341 no. 2313, Islamqa]

Ibn al Qayyim commented:
قلت : والعمل على هذا ، لو اضطرت المرأة إلى طعام أو شراب عند رجل فمنعها إلا بنفسها ، وخافت الهلاك ، فمكنته من نفسها فلا حد عليها .
I say: this is what should be done. If a woman is in desperate need of food and drink from a man, which he will not give her unless she lets him have his way with her, and she is scared that she will die without them, so she lets him have his way with her, then she is not to be punished. [al-Turuq al-Hukmiyyah, 18, Islamqa 4017]

4. Shaykh al Albani presented another narration, Narrated by Waail bin Hujr ra:
استكرهت امرأة على عهد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فدرأ عنها الحد
A woman deflowered forcefully at the time of Prophet peace be upon him, He (peace be upon him) left her. [Shaykh al Albani said: in Irwa al Ghaleel 7/341 no. 2313, Its a weak chain as al Bayhaqi’s comments are quoted by him, but he provided it to support the narration of Umar Ra and Ali Ra quoted above]

5.

Muslim Khalifah exonerated a woman who killed her rapist in defense
17919 – عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَحْسِبُهُ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: اسْتَضَافَ رَجُلٌ نَاسًا مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ، فَأَرْسَلُوا جَارِيَةً لَهُمْ تَحْتَطِبُ، فَأَعْجَبَتِ الضَّيْفَ فَتَبِعَهَا، فَأَرَادَهَا عَلَى نَفْسِهَا، فَامْتَنَعَتْ فَعَارَكَهَا سَاعَةً فَانْفَلَتَتْ مِنْهُ انْفِلَاتَةً، فَرَمَتْهُ بِحَجَرٍ، فَفَضَّتْ كَبِدَهُ فَمَاتَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَتْ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا، فَأَخْبَرَتْهُمْ فَذَهَبَ أَهْلُهَا إِلَى عُمَرَ، فَأَخْبَرُوهُ، فَأَرْسَلَ عُمَرُ، فَوَجَدَ آثَارَهُمَا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «قَتِيلُ اللَّه لَا يُودَى أَبَدًا»، قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: ثُمَّ قَضَتِ الْقُضَاةُ بَعْدُ بِأَنْ يُودَى
`Ubayd ibn `Umayr narrated  that a man hosted some people from (the tribe of) Hudayl. They sent a slave woman to fetch some firewood and the host was attracted to her, so he followed her (into the woods) and wanted to have his way with her but she refused. He wrestled with her for a while, until she escaped from him and threw a rock at him and killed him. Her masters went to `Umar and informed him of the situation. `Umar sent investigators who found their tracks and thereafter `Umar said “ No diyah (or qisas – expiation in terms of blood money or etc) is to be paid for the one who was Killed by Allah”
He regarded self defense as a legitimate cause for the slave girl to have shed the blood of that aggressor who wanted to rape her so there would be no qisas or diyah and no expiation was to be offered [because she killed him out of self-defense]
Imam zuhri comments further that later on, all the muslim judges passed similar verdicts on similar instances following suit of umar’s judgement
[Ref: Musannaf abdur razzaq 9/434 H # 17919; Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah 5/439 H# 27793; among others. Scholars have opined rulings based on this under self defense such as in Haawiul Kabeer of the sha’fi madhab by Imam mawardi r.h 13/451 (This last narration is quoted From the blog why the shariah)